2 Chemical oceanography data

2.1 Aragonite

2.1.1 Project information

Lead entity: NOAA

Partner entities: NA

PI name: NOAA OCM

PI contact information:

Data start year: 2021

Data end year: 2024

Spatial scale: USA

2.1.2 Data information

Project link: https://coast.noaa.gov/arcgis/rest/services/OceanReports/Aragonite/MapServer

Data link: https://coast.noaa.gov/arcgis/rest/services/OceanReports/Aragonite/MapServer/0

Metadata link: NA

Data availability: Yes

Data categories: Chemical oceanography

Data type: spatial

2.1.3 Project description

Feature layer with mean aragonite concentration

2.2 EMU_Nitrate

2.2.1 Project information

Lead entity: NOAA

Partner entities: NA

PI name: NOAA OCM

PI contact information:

Data start year: 2021

Data end year: 2024

Spatial scale: USA

2.2.2 Data information

Project link: https://coast.noaa.gov/arcgis/rest/services/OceanReports/EMU_Nitrate/MapServer

Data link: https://coast.noaa.gov/arcgis/rest/services/OceanReports/EMU_Nitrate/MapServer/0

Metadata link: https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/66135

Data availability: Yes

Data categories: Chemical oceanography

Data type: spatial

2.2.3 Project description

A compilation of ocean nutrient (nitrate, phosphate, and silicate concentrations) data at ¼ degree spatial resolution for the entire United States Exclusive Economic Zone. The dataset is derived from the ESRI Ecological Marine Unit (EMU) dataset, which was assembled from non-supervised statistical clustering of over 52 million points from NOAA’s World Ocean Atlas (2013) WoA database, an authoritative 57 year archive of global water column data. This derived dataset is divided into three separate point shapefiles, each representing either nitrate, phosphate, or silicate concentrations (all in units of mol l-1). Values for nutrient concentrations represent a climatological average. Each shapefile is formatted such that a single point location (i.e., unique associated latitude and longitude) contains a unique column entry for a given depth interval. Depth intervals are variable from 5 m near the surface to 100 m in the deeper regions (> 2000 m) for a total of 102 depth levels. All disclaimers provided by the original dataset authors apply to this derived dataset. For detail on these disclaimers, please refer to the following reference: Sayre, R., J. Dangermond, D. Wright, S. Breyer, K. Butler, K. Van Graafeiland, M.J. Costello, P. Harris, K. Goodin, M. Kavanaugh, N. Cressie, J. Guinotte, Z. Basher, P. Halpin, M. Monaco, P. Aniello, C. Frye, D. Stephens, P. Valentine, J. Smith, R. Smith, D.P. VanSistine, J. Cress, H. Warner, C. Brown, J. Steffenson, D. Cribbs, B. Van Esch, D. Hopkins, G. Noll, S. Kopp, and C. Convis. 2017. A New Map of Global Ecological Marine Units – An Environmental Stratification Approach. Washington, DC: American Association of Geographers. 36 pages.

2.3 EMU_Phosphate

2.3.1 Project information

Lead entity: NOAA

Partner entities: NA

PI name: NOAA OCM

PI contact information:

Data start year: 2021

Data end year: 2024

Spatial scale: USA

2.3.2 Data information

Project link: https://coast.noaa.gov/arcgis/rest/services/OceanReports/EMU_Phosphate/MapServer

Data link: https://coast.noaa.gov/arcgis/rest/services/OceanReports/EMU_Phosphate/MapServer/0

Metadata link: https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/66135

Data availability: Yes

Data categories: Chemical oceanography

Data type: spatial

2.3.3 Project description

A compilation of ocean nutrient (nitrate, phosphate, and silicate concentrations) data at ¼ degree spatial resolution for the entire United States Exclusive Economic Zone. The dataset is derived from the ESRI Ecological Marine Unit (EMU) dataset, which was assembled from non-supervised statistical clustering of over 52 million points from NOAA’s World Ocean Atlas (2013) WoA database, an authoritative 57 year archive of global water column data. This derived dataset is divided into three separate point shapefiles, each representing either nitrate, phosphate, or silicate concentrations (all in units of mol l-1). Values for nutrient concentrations represent a climatological average. Each shapefile is formatted such that a single point location (i.e., unique associated latitude and longitude) contains a unique column entry for a given depth interval. Depth intervals are variable from 5 m near the surface to 100 m in the deeper regions (> 2000 m) for a total of 102 depth levels. All disclaimers provided by the original dataset authors apply to this derived dataset. For detail on these disclaimers, please refer to the following reference: Sayre, R., J. Dangermond, D. Wright, S. Breyer, K. Butler, K. Van Graafeiland, M.J. Costello, P. Harris, K. Goodin, M. Kavanaugh, N. Cressie, J. Guinotte, Z. Basher, P. Halpin, M. Monaco, P. Aniello, C. Frye, D. Stephens, P. Valentine, J. Smith, R. Smith, D.P. VanSistine, J. Cress, H. Warner, C. Brown, J. Steffenson, D. Cribbs, B. Van Esch, D. Hopkins, G. Noll, S. Kopp, and C. Convis. 2017. A New Map of Global Ecological Marine Units – An Environmental Stratification Approach. Washington, DC: American Association of Geographers. 36 pages.

2.4 EMU_Silicate

2.4.1 Project information

Lead entity: NOAA

Partner entities: NA

PI name: NOAA OCM

PI contact information:

Data start year: 2021

Data end year: 2024

Spatial scale: USA

2.4.2 Data information

Project link: https://coast.noaa.gov/arcgis/rest/services/OceanReports/EMU_Silicate/MapServer

Data link: https://coast.noaa.gov/arcgis/rest/services/OceanReports/EMU_Silicate/MapServer/0

Metadata link: https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/66135

Data availability: Yes

Data categories: Chemical oceanography

Data type: spatial

2.4.3 Project description

A compilation of ocean nutrient (nitrate, phosphate, and silicate concentrations) data at ¼ degree spatial resolution for the entire United States Exclusive Economic Zone. The dataset is derived from the ESRI Ecological Marine Unit (EMU) dataset, which was assembled from non-supervised statistical clustering of over 52 million points from NOAA’s World Ocean Atlas (2013) WoA database, an authoritative 57 year archive of global water column data. This derived dataset is divided into three separate point shapefiles, each representing either nitrate, phosphate, or silicate concentrations (all in units of mol l-1). Values for nutrient concentrations represent a climatological average. Each shapefile is formatted such that a single point location (i.e., unique associated latitude and longitude) contains a unique column entry for a given depth interval. Depth intervals are variable from 5 m near the surface to 100 m in the deeper regions (> 2000 m) for a total of 102 depth levels. All disclaimers provided by the original dataset authors apply to this derived dataset. For detail on these disclaimers, please refer to the following reference: Sayre, R., J. Dangermond, D. Wright, S. Breyer, K. Butler, K. Van Graafeiland, M.J. Costello, P. Harris, K. Goodin, M. Kavanaugh, N. Cressie, J. Guinotte, Z. Basher, P. Halpin, M. Monaco, P. Aniello, C. Frye, D. Stephens, P. Valentine, J. Smith, R. Smith, D.P. VanSistine, J. Cress, H. Warner, C. Brown, J. Steffenson, D. Cribbs, B. Van Esch, D. Hopkins, G. Noll, S. Kopp, and C. Convis. 2017. A New Map of Global Ecological Marine Units – An Environmental Stratification Approach. Washington, DC: American Association of Geographers. 36 pages.

2.5 Exploring the connectivity among offshore wind turbines

2.5.1 Project information

Lead entity: SMAST

Partner entities: NA

PI name: He, Pingguo

PI contact information:

Data start year: 2022

Data end year: 2025

Spatial scale: Northwest Atlantic

2.5.2 Data information

Project link: https://www.boem.gov/sites/default/files/documents/environment/environmental-studies/Exploring%20the%20Connectivity%20Among%20Offshore%20Wind%20Turbines_0.pdf

Data link: NA

Metadata link: NA

Data availability: No

Data categories: Habitat, Chemical oceanography

Data type: spatial

2.5.3 Project description

Determining if there is an additive effect on fish from multiple structures in an offshore wind facility

2.6 MaineDMR Public Health - Shellfish Water Quality Data

2.6.1 Project information

Lead entity: ME DMR

Partner entities: NA

PI name: Wahle, Benjamin

PI contact information:

Data start year: 2019

Data end year: Present

Spatial scale: Gulf of Maine

2.6.2 Data information

Project link: https://dmr-maine.opendata.arcgis.com/datasets/3652bf2a35664d358e992c2e3cff9506_0/explore

Data link: https://services1.arcgis.com/RbMX0mRVOFNTdLzd/arcgis/rest/services/DMRPublicHealth_WQData/FeatureServer/0

Metadata link: https://dmr-maine.opendata.arcgis.com/datasets/maine::mainedmr-public-health-shellfish-water-quality-data/about

Data availability: Yes

Data categories: Chemical oceanography, Molluscs

Data type: spatial

2.6.3 Project description

The Department of Marine Resources (DMR) Bureau of Public Health collects surface water grab samples at approximately 1,200 water quality monitoring stations along the Maine coast year-round. Samples are processed in the lab via membrane filtration and enumerated for fecal coliform bacteria. Fecal coliform results are reported as the number of colony forming units (individual bacterium capable of forming colonies) per 100mL of water. DMR scientists analyze data from each station and calculate annual summary statistics using at least 30 of the most recent samples collected under a systematic-random sampling strategy. These values, along with sanitary surveys of the area, help determine whether the water quality is acceptable for harvesting molluscan shellfish. For more information about water quality monitoring and the classification of shellfish flats, visit https://www.maine.gov/dmr/fisheries/shellfish/shellfish-growing-area-classification.

2.7 NitrateMeanConcentration

2.7.1 Project information

Lead entity: NOAA

Partner entities: NA

PI name: NOAA OCM

PI contact information:

Data start year: 2000

Data end year: 2014

Spatial scale: USA

2.7.3 Project description

Raster layer of mean nitrate concentration (micromoles per liter) in surface waters of EEZ

2.8 Phosphate Mean Concentration Surface

2.8.1 Project information

Lead entity: NOAA

Partner entities: NA

PI name: NOAA OCM

PI contact information:

Data start year: 2000

Data end year: 2014

Spatial scale: USA

2.8.3 Project description

Raster layer of the mean phosphate concentration (micromoles per liter) in surface waters

2.9 Silicate Mean Concentration

2.9.1 Project information

Lead entity: NOAA

Partner entities: NA

PI name: NOAA OCM

PI contact information:

Data start year: 2000

Data end year: 2014

Spatial scale: USA

2.9.3 Project description

Nutrient data were obtained from the Bio-ORACLE project and represent a long-term composite of data from 2000 to 2014. The map layer represents mean silicate concentration (micromoles per liter) in surface waters of the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone. Additional data available for download here provide six nutrient concentrations at three different depths within the water column (surface, mean depth, and maximum depth). Data have a common spatial resolution of 5 arc minutes and were assessed using a cross‐validation framework against in situ quality‐controlled data.

2.10 State of the Ecosystem {ecodata} R package

2.10.1 Project information

Lead entity: NOAA NEFSC

Partner entities: NA

PI name: Brandon Beltz

PI contact information:

Data start year: 2017

Data end year: 2025

Spatial scale: Northwest Atlantic

2.10.2 Data information

Project link: https://github.com/NOAA-EDAB/ecodata

Data link: NA

Metadata link: NA

Data availability: Yes

Data categories: Acoustic, Chemical oceanography, Physical oceanography, Marine mammals, Plankton, Pelagic fishes, Coastal fishes, Elasmobranchs, Diadromous fish

Data type: “research project, synthesis, or technology development”

2.10.3 Project description

ecodata is an R data package developed by the Ecosystems Dynamics and Assessment Branch of the Northeast Fisheries Science Center for use in State of the Ecosystem (SOE) reporting.

2.11 State of the Ecosystem Catalog

2.11.1 Project information

Lead entity: NOAA NEFSC

Partner entities: NA

PI name: Brandon Beltz

PI contact information:

Data start year: 2017

Data end year: 2025

Spatial scale: Northwest Atlantic

2.11.2 Data information

Project link: https://github.com/NOAA-EDAB/catalog

Data link: NA

Metadata link: NA

Data availability: Yes

Data categories: Acoustic, Chemical oceanography, Physical oceanography, Marine mammals, Plankton, Pelagic fishes, Coastal fishes, Elasmobranchs, Diadromous fish

Data type: “research project, synthesis, or technology development”

2.11.3 Project description

Catalog of indicators used in the State of the Ecosystem reports and other ecosystem assessment products.

2.12 Environmental Monitors on Lobster Traps and Large Trawlers (eMOLT)

2.12.1 Project information

Lead entity: NOAA NEFSC

Partner entities: Local fishers, Gulf of Maine Lobster Foundation, Nova Scotia Fishermen Scientists Research Society, Commercial Fisheries Research Foundation

PI name: George Maynard

PI contact information:

Data start year: 2001

Data end year: Present

Spatial scale: Northwest Atlantic

2.12.2 Data information

Project link: https://www.emolt.org/

Data link: https://erddap.emolt.net/erddap/tabledap/eMOLT_RT_QAQC.html

Metadata link: NA

Data availability: Yes

Data categories: Acoustic, Chemical oceanography, Physical oceanography

Data type: spatial

2.12.3 Project description

Beginning in 2001, hundreds of commercial fishing vessels on the Northeast Shelf have had oceanographic sensors installed on their fixed and mobile gear. Some have experimented with pressure sensors, acoustic listening devices, cameras, satellite-tracked drifters, current meters, and salinity monitors but the primary focus has been monitoring temperature. While some gear are fitted with internally-recording devices that have returned more than two decades of hourly data from fixed locations, most of the vessels are now fitted with a satellite transmitter and, most recently, with cell phones so that tens of thousands of hauls have been reported in realtime since 2015. The original focus was on bottom temperature but, beginning in 2020, most vessels are now equipped with water column profilers to document the vertical stratification of temperature and several are collecting records of dissolved oxygen.

[1] “This data was sourced from: RWSC_early-2025”

2.13 Gulf of Maine North Atlantic Time Series (GNATS)

2.13.1 Project information

Lead entity: Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences

Partner entities: NASA

PI name: William Balch

PI contact information:

Data start year: 2001

Data end year: 2020

Spatial scale: Gulf of Maine

2.13.2 Data information

Project link: https://seabass.gsfc.nasa.gov/experiment/GNATS

Data link: NA

Metadata link: NA

Data availability: Yes

Data categories: Physical oceanography, Chemical oceanography, Plankton

Data type: spatial

2.13.3 Project description

The Gulf of Maine (GoM) is a highly productive shelf sea that constitutes a large part of the N.E. US Continental Shelf. We have run a time series across the GoM for the last 8 years known as GNATS (Gulf of Maine North Atlantic Time Series). It consists of monthly, cross-Gulf sampling on ships of opportunity, during clear-sky days, so that we are assured concurrent measurements from ship and satellite (ocean color, SST). The power of this strategy is seen in our 95% success rate for being at sea during clear, high quality overpasses (randomly, one would expect a success rate of ~10% due to the GoM cloud climatology). We then can extrapolate our large shipboard data set of carbon cycle parameters to regional scales using synoptic remote sensing. GNATS includes a suite of carbon-specific standing stocks and rate measurements (e.g. POC, PIC [calcite], DOC, primary productivity, and calcification) plus hydrographic, chemical and optical measurements. Through coordinated ship/satellite measurements, we can constrain the major carbon production terms of the Gulf, follow their monthly variation using synoptic remote sensing, and regionally tune satellite algorithms. GNATS documents not only marine carbon pools, but it includes carbon supplied from the terrestrial watershed; this is why the Gulf is optically-dominated by Case II waters. We propose to A) continue GNATS, coordinated ship and satellite measurements for another 3 years, B) provide monthly, regional estimates of the standing stock and production terms for the various particulate and dissolved carbon fractions based on satellite ocean color observations and C) perform a statistical comparison of photoadaptive parameters in the Mid-Atlantic Bight and GoM to examine how broadly we can extrapolate these results along the NE U.S. Continental Shelf. Deliverables of this work will be: ship-based quantification of the various components of the carbon cycle in the GoM (standing stocks of POC, PIC, DOC plus primary production/calcification rates), an improved DOC algorithm, tuning of satellite carbon algorithms for the NE Continental Shelf, and documentation of the long- term biogeochemical and ecological changes occurring in the GoM carbon cycle. Quantification of the variability in the composition and concentration of dissolved and particulate carbon over a wide range of temporal and spatial scales is the first step towards understanding the role of coastal ecosystems in the global carbon cycle.

[1] “This data was sourced from: RWSC_early-2025”

2.14 NERACOOS Ocean Observing

2.14.1 Project information

Lead entity: NERACOOS

Partner entities: USGS, University of Maine, University of New Hampshire, University of Rhode Island, IOOS, University of Connecticut, NDBC, NERRS

PI name: Unknown

PI contact information:

Data start year: 2001

Data end year: Present

Spatial scale: Northwest Atlantic

2.14.2 Data information

Project link: http://neracoos.org/what-we-do/

Data link: https://www.neracoos.org/erddap/index.html

Metadata link: NA

Data availability: Yes

Data categories: Physical oceanography, Chemical oceanography

Data type: spatial

2.14.3 Project description

both real-time and historical, on wave height, wind speed, water temperature, visibility, saltiness of the water, current speed, location and abundance of animals, and more.’ Deliver (at least) 21,509 observations every day from buoys operated by UMaine, UConn, URI, UNH, NDBC and NERRS. That’s 7,850,785 observations each year Buoys, Gliders, Radar, Coastal monitoring stations, tide stations

[1] “This data was sourced from: RWSC_early-2025”

2.15 PMEL MAPCO2 (pCO2, temperature, salinity)

2.15.1 Project information

Lead entity: NOAA PMEL Carbon Program

Partner entities: University of New Hampshire Coastal Carbon Group

PI name: Unknown

PI contact information: Unknown

Data start year: 2010

Data end year: 2021

Spatial scale: Gulf of Maine

2.15.2 Data information

Project link: https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/co2/story/GOM

Data link: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system/oceans/Coastal/unh_ts.html

Metadata link: NA

Data availability: Yes

Data categories: Chemical oceanography, Physical oceanography

Data type: spatial

2.15.3 Project description

Data collection using the Coastal Western Gulf of Maine Mooring was initiated in 2006 as a collaborative effort between PMEL’s CO2 group and the University of New Hampshire’s Coastal Carbon Group. This buoy is the cornerstone ocean carbon time series station operating within the Northeast Regional Assoc. of Coastal Ocean Observing Systems (NERACOOS).