17 Seabirds data

17.1 Bird migration stopover sites: ecology of nocturnal and diurnal raptors at Monhegan Island

17.1.1 Project information

Lead entity: Biodiversity Research Institute

Partner entities: NA

PI name: Chris DeSorbo

PI contact information:

Data start year: 2010

Data end year: 2010

Spatial scale: Project

17.1.2 Data information

Project link: https://briwildlife.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/DeSorbo-Wright-Gray-2012-Bird-migration-stopover-sites-ecology-of-nocturnal-and-diurnal-raptors-at-Monhegan-Island-annotated.pdf

Data link: NA

Metadata link: NA

Data availability: No

Data categories: Seabirds

Data type: spatial

17.1.3 Project description

In the fall of 2010, we conducted surveys of diurnal and nocturnal raptors on Monhegan Island, in mid-coast Maine. We conducted standardized raptor counts daily between 15 September and 18 October, and we surveyed Northern Saw-whet Owls using playback calls and mist nets. We established a station to band migrant raptors and to fit individuals with satellite transmitters to track their daily movements from local to continental scales. This report summarizes the findings of these efforts. Data collected during this study is needed to help inform habitat management decisions, such as those related to siting inshore and offshore wind power facilities, and attempts to determine the value of sites as a stopover for migratory wildlife.

17.2 CoastalAudubonImportantBirdAreas

17.2.1 Project information

Lead entity: NOAA

Partner entities: NA

PI name: Unknown (Private Member upload)

PI contact information: Unknown

Data start year: 2025

Data end year: 2025

Spatial scale: USA

17.2.2 Data information

Project link: https://coast.noaa.gov/arcgis/rest/services/OceanReports/CoastalAudubonImportantBirdAreas/MapServer

Data link: https://coast.noaa.gov/arcgis/rest/services/OceanReports/CoastalAudubonImportantBirdAreas/MapServer/0

Metadata link: NA

Data availability: Yes

Data categories: Seabirds

Data type: spatial

17.2.3 Project description

Feature layer of areas that are important for birds over both land and sea

17.3 Developing seabird bioindicators for the Gulf of Maine: a demographic study of an Arctic Tern (Sterna paradisaea) metapopulation

17.3.1 Project information

Lead entity: University of Illinois

Partner entities: NA

PI name: Lauren Scopel

PI contact information: Unknown

Data start year: Unknown

Data end year: 2022

Spatial scale: Gulf of Maine

17.3.2 Data information

Project link: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/362568614_Developing_seabird_bioindicators_for_the_Gulf_of_Maine_a_demographic_study_of_an_Arctic_Tern_Sterna_paradisaea_metapopulation

Data link: NA

Metadata link: NA

Data availability: No

Data categories: Seabirds

Data type: spatial

17.3.3 Project description

As climate change proceeds, ecosystems are changing rapidly. Marine ecosystems are complex and difficult to monitor, making the prediction of future changes a daunting task. Seabirds are often suggested as potential bioindicators, yet the development of their data for general predictive use is rare. I, using the data of many collaborators, examined the potential use of Arctic Tern (Sterna paradisaea) diet and demographic data as bioindicators in the rapidly warming Gulf of Maine (GOM) ecosystem. The collapse of the breeding colony at Machias Seal Island, formerly the largest in North America, was primarily driven by unmitigated egg predation by large Larus gulls, not a decline in Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus). At the metapopulation scale, reproductive success of Arctic Terns was subject to multiple environmental interactions. The proximity of a colony to shore was associated with higher diet quality, but also greater predator pressures. Interactions between diet quality, weather, and predator behaviour strongly influenced the reproductive success of terns. At the ecosystem scale, the diets of Arctic and Common Terns (S. hirundo) could be combined with environmental data to describe and track ecosystem states. Arctic Terns were more likely to consume white hake (Urophycis tenuis) and small marine invertebrates, but their dietary trends also tracked measures of the herring stock and fishery. Common Terns were more likely to target high-lipid fish, but they showed stronger spatial trends that limited regional inferences. Finally, I estimated rates of survival, dispersal, and return rates. Arctic Terns have strong dispersal behaviour and regularly leave the major colonies of the GOM, but adult survival has not changed, despite major warming. Multiple types of tern data indicated that the weakest period of the past 30 years was between 2004-2012, when salinity was reduced and small copepods like Centropages typicus were less abundant. Arctic Terns were able to react to major declines in habitat quality, and have adjusted well to recent warming. Although Arctic Terns are affected by both top-down and bottom-up forcing, their diet and demographic data are useful as indicators. Terns could function well as ecosystem, guild-, or site-specific indicators, depending on the desired use.

17.4 Digital aerial surveys for wildlife in the Gulf of Maine

17.4.1 Project information

Lead entity: Biodiversity Research Institute

Partner entities: HiDef Aerial Surveying

PI name: Iain Stenhouse

PI contact information:

Data start year: 2023

Data end year: 2024

Spatial scale: Gulf of Maine

17.4.2 Data information

Project link: https://briwildlife.org/digital-aerial-surveys/

Data link: NA

Metadata link: NA

Data availability: No

Data categories: Seabirds, Marine mammals

Data type: spatial

17.4.3 Project description

BRI, in collaboration with HiDef Aerial Surveying, is conducting digital video aerial surveys to obtain ecological baseline data and to inform siting of offshore wind development in the Gulf of Maine. Funded by the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM), surveys will be conducted in 2023–2024 to better understand the distributions of marine wildlife across the Gulf of Maine.

17.5 Ecology of Great Shearwaters in the Western North Atlantic, 2019-2020

17.5.1 Project information

Lead entity: NOAA

Partner entities: NA

PI name: David Wiley

PI contact information:

Data start year: 2019

Data end year: 2024

Spatial scale: Northwest Atlantic

17.5.2 Data information

Project link: https://portal.atn.ioos.us/#metadata/abfa6a0e-3615-46c5-94d5-f288f9ae5b43/project

Data link: NA

Metadata link: NA

Data availability: Yes

Data categories: Seabirds

Data type: spatial

17.5.3 Project description

The data consist of Argos location data (excel format) collected from ten Great Shearwaters each year (2013-2019; ongoing). Birds are captured and tagged off the Coast of Massachusetts, USA in July. Birds travel within the Gulf of Maine and the North Atlantic. Depending on tag duration, some birds are tracked to the southern hemisphere. Exhaled gas, blood, feather and fecal samples are taken for investigation of food habits and genetics. Within the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary, movement data and relative use are combined with forage fish data to examine the influence of prey abundance and distribution on top predators such as seabirds and these patterns might be influenced by climate change.

17.6 Interspecific and local variation in tern chick diets across nesting colonies in the Gulf of Maine.

17.6.1 Project information

Lead entity: University of Massachusetts Amherst

Partner entities: National Audubon Socienty Seabird Institute; US Geological Survey

PI name: Yakola, K., A. Jordaan, S. Kress, P. Shannon, M.D. Staudinger.

PI contact information:

Data start year: Unknown

Data end year: 2021

Spatial scale: Gulf of Maine

17.6.2 Data information

Project link: https://doi.org/10.1675/063.044.0402

Data link: NA

Metadata link: NA

Data availability: No

Data categories: Seabirds

Data type: spatial

17.6.3 Project description

Over three decades of visual observations of chick provisioning were compiled for a comparative dietary study in the region, including the first detailed descriptions of Least and Roseate Tern chick diets.

17.7 MDAT Avian Summary Products

17.7.1 Project information

Lead entity: Duke Univ.

Partner entities: Northeast Regional Ocean Council, NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, NOAA NEFSC, Loyola University Chicago

PI name: Patrick Halpin

PI contact information:

Data start year: 1998

Data end year: 2019

Spatial scale: USA

17.7.3 Project description

Summary products are comprised of data layers from multiple species, and were created to allow quick access to map summaries about potential biological, management, or sensitivity groups of interest. Summary products provide a means to distill hundreds of data layer and time period combinations into more simplified maps that supplement the base layer reference library. These summary products include total abundance or biomass, species richness, diversity, and core area abundance or biomass richness for all modeled/sampled groups of species and are useful tools for seeing broad patterns in the underlying data or model results.

17.8 Movement and Dispersal Patterns of Maine Adult and Subadult Bald Eagles

17.8.1 Project information

Lead entity: Biodiversity Research Institute

Partner entities: Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, NextEra Energy

PI name: Chris DeSorbo

PI contact information:

Data start year: 2001

Data end year: Unknown

Spatial scale: State

17.8.2 Data information

Project link: https://briwildlife.org/raptor-program/maine-subadult-bald-eagles/

Data link: NA

Metadata link: NA

Data availability: No

Data categories: Seabirds

Data type: spatial

17.8.3 Project description

BRI began small-scale efforts to band Maine Bald Eagle nestlings in 2001 and by 2004, BRI and collaborators began to evaluate Maine’s Bald Eagle population’s exposure to mercury. In addition to taking samples to be used for contaminant, genetics, and other analyses, researchers placed “silver” bands and red “color bands” on nestlings. The silver band, issued by the federal USGS Bird Banding Lab, contains a unique ID– that band, if recovered, can be linked back to that individual’s original banding location and related information. On the leg opposite the silver band, researchers typically placed a colored band, which, Unlike silver bands, can often be read from a distance with a spotting scope or digital camera. This information can be used to identify the banding origin of that particular eagle.

17.9 NCCOS Assessment: Modeling At-Sea Density of Marine Birds to Support Atlantic Marine Renewable Energy Planning from 1978-2016 (NCEI Accession 0176682)

17.9.1 Project information

Lead entity: NOAA NCCOS

Partner entities: NA

PI name: NOAA NCCOS

PI contact information:

Data start year: 1978

Data end year: 2016

Spatial scale: Northwest Atlantic

17.9.3 Project description

This dataset provides seasonal spatial rasters of median predicted long-term (1978-2016) relative density of 47 marine bird species throughout the US Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) and adjacent waters at a 2-km spatial resolution. Three indications of the uncertainty associated with the model predictions are also provided: 1) seasonal spatial layers indicating areas with no survey effort, 2) seasonal spatial rasters of the precision of predicted relative density of each species characterized as its coefficient of variation (CV), and 3) seasonal spatial rasters of the precision of predicted relative density of each species characterized as its 90% confidence interval. Predicted relative density should always be considered in conjunction with these three indications of uncertainty. Suggested symbology class breaks and labels for mapping predicted relative density and its CV are also included. Finally, this dataset also includes spatial rasters of environmental predictor variables that were used in the predictive modeling.

17.10 Northern gannet, fall migration, utilization distribution

17.10.1 Project information

Lead entity: Northeast Ocean Data

Partner entities: NA

PI name: Unknown

PI contact information: Unknown

Data start year: 2012

Data end year: 2016

Spatial scale: USA

17.10.2 Data information

Project link: https://services.northeastoceandata.org/arcgis1/rest/services/MarineLifeAndHabitat/MapServer/59

Data link: NA

Metadata link: NA

Data availability: Yes

Data categories: Seabirds

Data type: spatial

17.10.3 Project description

These datasets represent some of the results of a study to determine fine-scale use and movement patterns over the course of five years (2012-2016) of over 400 individuals of three species of diving marine birds, Red-throated Loon (Gavia stellata), Surf Scoter (Melanitta perspicillata), and Northern Gannet (Morus bassanus), in Federal waters of the mid-Atlantic U.S. during migration and winter.

17.11 Northern gannet, spring migration, utilization distribution

17.11.1 Project information

Lead entity: Northeast Ocean Data

Partner entities: NA

PI name: Unknown

PI contact information: Unknown

Data start year: 2012

Data end year: 2016

Spatial scale: USA

17.11.2 Data information

Project link: https://services.northeastoceandata.org/arcgis1/rest/services/MarineLifeAndHabitat/MapServer/60

Data link: NA

Metadata link: NA

Data availability: Yes

Data categories: Seabirds

Data type: spatial

17.11.3 Project description

These datasets represent some of the results of a study to determine fine-scale use and movement patterns over the course of five years (2012-2016) of over 400 individuals of three species of diving marine birds, Red-throated Loon (Gavia stellata), Surf Scoter (Melanitta perspicillata), and Northern Gannet (Morus bassanus), in Federal waters of the mid-Atlantic U.S. during migration and winter.

17.12 Northern gannet, winter, utilization distribution

17.12.1 Project information

Lead entity: Northeast Ocean Data

Partner entities: NA

PI name: Unknown

PI contact information: Unknown

Data start year: 2012

Data end year: 2016

Spatial scale: USA

17.12.2 Data information

Project link: https://services.northeastoceandata.org/arcgis1/rest/services/MarineLifeAndHabitat/MapServer/61

Data link: NA

Metadata link: NA

Data availability: Yes

Data categories: Seabirds

Data type: spatial

17.12.3 Project description

These datasets represent some of the results of a study to determine fine-scale use and movement patterns over the course of five years (2012-2016) of over 400 individuals of three species of diving marine birds, Red-throated Loon (Gavia stellata), Surf Scoter (Melanitta perspicillata), and Northern Gannet (Morus bassanus), in Federal waters of the mid-Atlantic U.S. during migration and winter.

17.13 Red throated loon, fall migration, utilization distribution

17.13.1 Project information

Lead entity: Northeast Ocean Data

Partner entities: NA

PI name: Unknown

PI contact information: Unknown

Data start year: 2012

Data end year: 2016

Spatial scale: USA

17.13.2 Data information

Project link: https://services.northeastoceandata.org/arcgis1/rest/services/MarineLifeAndHabitat/MapServer/62

Data link: NA

Metadata link: NA

Data availability: Yes

Data categories: Seabirds

Data type: spatial

17.13.3 Project description

These datasets represent some of the results of a study to determine fine-scale use and movement patterns over the course of five years (2012-2016) of over 400 individuals of three species of diving marine birds, Red-throated Loon (Gavia stellata), Surf Scoter (Melanitta perspicillata), and Northern Gannet (Morus bassanus), in Federal waters of the mid-Atlantic U.S. during migration and winter.

17.14 Red throated loon, spring migration, utilization distribution

17.14.1 Project information

Lead entity: Northeast Ocean Data

Partner entities: NA

PI name: Unknown

PI contact information: Unknown

Data start year: 2012

Data end year: 2016

Spatial scale: USA

17.14.2 Data information

Project link: https://services.northeastoceandata.org/arcgis1/rest/services/MarineLifeAndHabitat/MapServer/63

Data link: NA

Metadata link: NA

Data availability: Yes

Data categories: Seabirds

Data type: spatial

17.14.3 Project description

These datasets represent some of the results of a study to determine fine-scale use and movement patterns over the course of five years (2012-2016) of over 400 individuals of three species of diving marine birds, Red-throated Loon (Gavia stellata), Surf Scoter (Melanitta perspicillata), and Northern Gannet (Morus bassanus), in Federal waters of the mid-Atlantic U.S. during migration and winter.

17.15 Red throated loon, winter, utilization distribution

17.15.1 Project information

Lead entity: Northeast Ocean Data

Partner entities: NA

PI name: Unknown

PI contact information: Unknown

Data start year: 2012

Data end year: 2016

Spatial scale: USA

17.15.2 Data information

Project link: https://services.northeastoceandata.org/arcgis1/rest/services/MarineLifeAndHabitat/MapServer/64

Data link: NA

Metadata link: NA

Data availability: Yes

Data categories: Seabirds

Data type: spatial

17.15.3 Project description

These datasets represent some of the results of a study to determine fine-scale use and movement patterns over the course of five years (2012-2016) of over 400 individuals of three species of diving marine birds, Red-throated Loon (Gavia stellata), Surf Scoter (Melanitta perspicillata), and Northern Gannet (Morus bassanus), in Federal waters of the mid-Atlantic U.S. during migration and winter.

17.16 Surf scoter, fall migration, utilization distribution

17.16.1 Project information

Lead entity: Northeast Ocean Data

Partner entities: NA

PI name: Unknown

PI contact information: Unknown

Data start year: 2012

Data end year: 2016

Spatial scale: Northwest Atlantic

17.16.2 Data information

Project link: https://services.northeastoceandata.org/arcgis1/rest/services/MarineLifeAndHabitat/MapServer/65

Data link: NA

Metadata link: NA

Data availability: Yes

Data categories: Seabirds

Data type: spatial

17.16.3 Project description

These datasets represent some of the results of a study to determine fine-scale use and movement patterns over the course of five years (2012-2016) of over 400 individuals of three species of diving marine birds, Red-throated Loon (Gavia stellata), Surf Scoter (Melanitta perspicillata), and Northern Gannet (Morus bassanus), in Federal waters of the mid-Atlantic U.S. during migration and winter.

17.17 Surf scoter, spring migration, utilization distribution

17.17.1 Project information

Lead entity: Northeast Ocean Data

Partner entities: NA

PI name: Unknown

PI contact information: Unknown

Data start year: 2012

Data end year: 2016

Spatial scale: Northwest Atlantic

17.17.2 Data information

Project link: https://services.northeastoceandata.org/arcgis1/rest/services/MarineLifeAndHabitat/MapServer/66

Data link: NA

Metadata link: NA

Data availability: Yes

Data categories: Seabirds

Data type: spatial

17.17.3 Project description

These datasets represent some of the results of a study to determine fine-scale use and movement patterns over the course of five years (2012-2016) of over 400 individuals of three species of diving marine birds, Red-throated Loon (Gavia stellata), Surf Scoter (Melanitta perspicillata), and Northern Gannet (Morus bassanus), in Federal waters of the mid-Atlantic U.S. during migration and winter.

17.18 Surf scoter, winter, utilization distribution

17.18.1 Project information

Lead entity: Northeast Ocean Data

Partner entities: NA

PI name: Unknown

PI contact information: Unknown

Data start year: 2012

Data end year: 2016

Spatial scale: Northwest Atlantic

17.18.2 Data information

Project link: https://services.northeastoceandata.org/arcgis1/rest/services/MarineLifeAndHabitat/MapServer/67

Data link: NA

Metadata link: NA

Data availability: Yes

Data categories: Seabirds

Data type: spatial

17.18.3 Project description

These datasets represent some of the results of a study to determine fine-scale use and movement patterns over the course of five years (2012-2016) of over 400 individuals of three species of diving marine birds, Red-throated Loon (Gavia stellata), Surf Scoter (Melanitta perspicillata), and Northern Gannet (Morus bassanus), in Federal waters of the mid-Atlantic U.S. during migration and winter.

17.19 Supporting Offshore Wind Siting in the Gulf of Maine, Marine Birds

17.19.1 Project information

Lead entity: Biodiversity Research Institute

Partner entities: NA

PI name: Wing, G

PI contact information:

Data start year: 2022

Data end year: 2022

Spatial scale: Gulf of Maine

17.19.2 Data information

Project link: https://briwildlife.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/BRI-marine-bird-siting-report-for-MDIFW.pdf

Data link: NA

Metadata link: NA

Data availability: No

Data categories: Seabirds

Data type: spatial

17.19.3 Project description

To support the State of Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife during the offshore wind commercial planning process, Biodiversity Research Institute (BRI) conducted a desktop study and literature review to determine regions of importance for breeding and migrating marine birds in the Gulf of Maine to inform regions of higher and lower risk to marine birds. The study relied on three primary analyses: a buffer around colonial nesting marine bird islands during the breeding season based on the maximum foraging distance; a combined exposure and vulnerability assessment using regional marine bird models; and movement models of three diving bird species.

17.20 Assessing the cumulative impacts of offshore wind on shorebirds throughout the Atlantic Flyway

17.20.1 Project information

Lead entity: The University of Rhode Island

Partner entities: USFWS, CWS, Aquasis, Mount Allison University, Mass Audubon, Manomet

PI name: Rebeca Linhart

PI contact information:

Data start year: 2023

Data end year: 2027

Spatial scale: Northwest Atlantic

17.20.2 Data information

Project link: https://database.rwsc.org/details?recordId=recJROSOP3Dcbb9HJ

Data link: NA

Metadata link: NA

Data availability: No

Data categories: Seabirds

Data type: spatial

17.20.3 Project description

We aim to understand the cumulative impacts of offshore wind development on shorebirds across the Atlantic Flyway, considering development areas in Atlantic Canada, the US, and Brazil. We are using a combination of Motus nanotags and Argos satellite tags to track shorebird movements across the flyway. We will incorporate data from multiple species, and plan to use new and existing tagging data for this analysis.

[1] “This data was sourced from: RWSC_early-2025”

17.21 Atlantic Marine Assessment Program for Protected Species (AMAPPS) I, II, and III

17.21.1 Project information

Lead entity: NOAA

Partner entities: BOEM, US Navy, USFWS

PI name: Debra Palka

PI contact information:

Data start year: 2010

Data end year: 2050

Spatial scale: Northwest Atlantic

17.21.2 Data information

Project link: https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/new-england-mid-atlantic/population-assessments/atlantic-marine-assessment-program-protected

Data link: https://apps-nefsc.fisheries.noaa.gov/amappsviewer/

Metadata link: NA

Data availability: Yes

Data categories: Acoustic, Marine mammals, Plankton, Sea turtles, Seabirds

Data type: spatial

17.21.3 Project description

Visual sightings of cetaceans, seabirds, sea turtles and seals, acoustic detections, location/depth, physical water characteristics, distribution and density of fish and plankton. These models rely on seasonal distribution and abundance data our scientists have collected over multiple years using aerial and shipboard surveys. They also include dive pattern information from individually-tagged turtles and detections from passive acoustic recording devices.

[1] “This data was sourced from: RWSC_early-2025”

17.22 Atlantic Offshore Seabird Dataset Catalog, Atlantic Coast and Outer Continental Shelf, from 1938-01-01 to 2013-12-31

17.22.1 Project information

Lead entity: BOEM

Partner entities: NA

PI name: Allison Sussman

PI contact information:

Data start year: 1938

Data end year: 2013

Spatial scale: Northwest Atlantic

17.22.2 Data information

Project link: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/metadata/landing-page/bin/iso?id=gov.noaa.nodc:115356

Data link: NA

Metadata link: NA

Data availability: Yes

Data categories: Seabirds

Data type: spatial

17.22.3 Project description

biological, composition & location, derived products, survey - biological, visual observation

[1] “This data was sourced from: RWSC_early-2025”

17.23 Automated detection and classification of wildlife targets in digital aerial imagery – Phase II

17.23.1 Project information

Lead entity: USGS

Partner entities: USFWS, University of California - Berkeley, BOEM

PI name: Kyle Landolt

PI contact information: klandolt.usgs.gov

Data start year: 2021

Data end year: 2024

Spatial scale: Northwest Atlantic

17.23.2 Data information

Project link: https://www.usgs.gov/centers/umesc/science/deep-learning-automated-detection-and-classification-waterfowl-seabirds-and?qt-science_center_objects=0#qt-science_center_objects

Data link: NA

Metadata link: NA

Data availability: Yes

Data categories: Seabirds

Data type: “research project, synthesis, or technology development”

17.23.3 Project description

The project seeks to improve the efficiency, standardization, and accuracy of airborne waterfowl population surveys and aid in informing harvest and other regulatory decisions, environmental assessments, and impact analyses of potential wildlife exposure to offshore energy development projects in the U.S. High resolution digital imagery collected during aerial surveys of the Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf and the Great Lakes will provide the data for algorithm development, as well as baseline information on wildlife distributions and abundance. Algorithms will likely operate in stages, with an initial stage developed to detect possible targets and sort images with and without targets, and subsequent stages to enumerate and classify targets. Labeled image datasets are being developed to train the algorithms. Sea ducks are manually identified and annotated from representative imagery. Annotation of targets will be commensurate with study objectives (initially species level classification) and capture the variability in appearance of targets and target backgrounds to maximize classification accuracy of deep learning algorithms. For this study, we are annotating to the lowest taxonomic level and incorporating information on age, gender, and activity when resolvable. Auxiliary information such as imagery metadata and georeferencing will support advanced analysis with these data in the future.

[1] “This data was sourced from: RWSC_early-2025”

17.24 Cross-taxa Assessment of Habitat Use and Connectivity Relative to Marine Protected Areas in the Gulf of Maine: Implications for Management

17.24.1 Project information

Lead entity: NOAA NEFSC

Partner entities: Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary, Integrated Statistics, Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries

PI name: Danielle Cholewiak

PI contact information:

Data start year: 2021

Data end year: 2026

Spatial scale: Northwest Atlantic

17.24.2 Data information

Project link: https://cdn.coastalscience.noaa.gov/page-attachments/funding/NCCOS_CRP_RER_FY21_Awards_Summaries.pdf

Data link: NA

Metadata link: NA

Data availability: No

Data categories: Marine mammals, Sea turtles, Seabirds, Elasmobranchs, Pelagic fishes, Coastal fishes

Data type: “research project, synthesis, or technology development”

17.24.3 Project description

We are evaluating how highly migratory and protected species, including cetaceans, fishes, pinnipeds, seabirds, and turtles, are using a network of state and federal marine protected areas in the Gulf of Maine and southern New England regions, and how this overlaps with areas of human use. Understanding the benefits of existing MPAs to species at risk will inform recommendations for potential new or expanded MPAs, and ensure their viability for future generations.

[1] “This data was sourced from: RWSC_early-2025”

17.25 Developing Best Practices and Applying Environmental DNA (eDNA) Tools and in Support of Assessing and Managing Living Marine Species in an Ecosystem-based Context

17.25.1 Project information

Lead entity: BOEM

Partner entities: NOAA NEFSC, Smithsonian Institution, AMAPPS

PI name: Tim White

PI contact information:

Data start year: 2021

Data end year: 2023

Spatial scale: Northwest Atlantic

17.25.2 Data information

Project link: https://www.boem.gov/sites/default/files/documents/environment/environmental-studies/SDP_2022-2023.pdf

Data link: NA

Metadata link: NA

Data availability: No

Data categories: Sea turtles, Seabirds, Marine mammals, Molluscs

Data type: spatial

17.25.3 Project description

BOEM and the Northeast Fisheries Science Center will evaluate the eDNA “net” for accuracy in resolving community structure in space and through time by comparing taxa identified in water samples with quantified multi-species hotspots (T. White) derived from fisheries and observer-based sampling programs (e.g., AMAPPS). This project proposes identifying which species and guilds eDNA resolves well and those it misidentifies with an ecosystem-based context. For example, seabirds and invertebrates (e.g., clams) have been overlooked in most eDNA studies, even though these communities are essential in BOEM assessments and by other federal agencies. We will evaluate how well eDNA metabarcoding resolves marine communities using retrospective analyses (persistent communities) and simultaneous observations (observers; net tows; aerial cameras). The main objectives are to identify strengths and weaknesses in methodology; address weaknesses by populating genetic databases where feasible, and guide future BOEM projects across the regions.

[1] “This data was sourced from: RWSC_early-2025”

17.26 Ecological baseline study of the U.S. Outer Continental Shelf off Maine

17.26.1 Project information

Lead entity: Biodiversity Research Institute

Partner entities: HiDef Aerial Surveying Ltd

PI name: David Bigger

PI contact information:

Data start year: 2022

Data end year: 2024

Spatial scale: Gulf of Maine

17.26.2 Data information

Project link: https://www.boem.gov/sites/default/files/documents/renewable-energy/state-activities/Ecological-Baseline-Study-of-the-US-Outer-Continental-Shelf-Off-Maine.pdf

Data link: NA

Metadata link: NA

Data availability: No

Data categories: Seabirds, Sea turtles, Marine mammals

Data type: spatial

17.26.3 Project description

The objective of this study is to obtain contractor support to design and conduct multiseason boat-based and/or aerial-digital marine wildlife surveys and to establish an ecological baseline describing the distribution and abundance of marine seabirds, mammals, and sea turtles on the US OCS off Maine. The effort will coordinate with USFWS and others that may be surveying in the Gulf of Maine. A detailed field plan will be developed describing survey methods, survey protocols, proposed track lines, and survey schedule. The plan will also include details on the collection of digital imagery, methods for processing the images, camera design, and methods for identifying the species, methods to estimate bird flight heights, methods for collection of visible features of potential interest to energy development (such as oceanographic features, vessels, fishing activity [e.g., buoys], and other human uses). The data collected from these baseline surveys will be added into databases like the Compendium of Avian Occurrence Information database and the Ocean Biogeographic Information System Spatial Ecological Analysis of Megavertebrate Populations (OBIS-SEAMAP). Ultimately, the baseline data could then be used to update avian and other wildlife distributional maps like those developed through BOEM’s interagency agreement with NOAA (Winship et al. 2018) and distributed to the regional data portals. BRI website for digital aerial surveys: https://briwildlife.org/digital-aerial-surveys/

[1] “This data was sourced from: RWSC_early-2025”

17.27 Gulf of Maine Breeding Seabird Tracking

17.27.1 Project information

Lead entity: National Audubon Society

Partner entities: USFWS, MDIFW, BRI, Oregon State University, Gettysburg College, University of New Hampshire, Shoals Marine Lab, University of New Brunswick

PI name: Donald Lyons

PI contact information:

Data start year: 2021

Data end year: Present

Spatial scale: Gulf of Maine

17.27.2 Data information

Project link: https://seabirdinstitute.audubon.org/programs/island-research-program

Data link: NA

Metadata link: NA

Data availability: No

Data categories: Seabirds

Data type: spatial

17.27.3 Project description

Collect and analyze movement data of seabirds breeding in the Gulf of Maine (GoM) to inform OSW siting, monitoring, and mitigation processes. Collect data during both the breeding and non-breeding periods. Focused on terns, storm-petrels, and alcids.

[1] “This data was sourced from: RWSC_early-2025”

17.28 Maine Department of Marine Resources visual wildlife survey

17.28.1 Project information

Lead entity: Maine Department of Marine Resources

Partner entities: NA

PI name: Unknown

PI contact information:

Data start year: 2024

Data end year: 2030

Spatial scale: Project

17.28.2 Data information

Project link: https://www.maine.gov/dmr/node/1467

Data link: NA

Metadata link: NA

Data availability: No

Data categories: Seabirds, Marine mammals

Data type: spatial

17.28.3 Project description

Goal: To ground truth passive acoustic data and understand baseline species presence and abundance and determine if they change during or after turbine installation

[1] “This data was sourced from: RWSC_early-2025”

17.29 Maine eDNA

17.29.1 Project information

Lead entity: University of Maine

Partner entities: NA

PI name: Unknown

PI contact information: https://umaine.edu/edna/contact-us/

Data start year: 2020

Data end year: 2025

Spatial scale: State

17.29.2 Data information

Project link: https://umaine.edu/edna/

Data link: NA

Metadata link: NA

Data availability: No

Data categories: Sea turtles, Seabirds, Plankton, Marine mammals, Groundfish, Elasmobranchs, Pelagic fishes, Bathymetry

Data type: “research project, synthesis, or technology development”

17.29.3 Project description

Maine eDNA is a 5-year research, education, and outreach program that seeks to transform our understanding and sustainability of Maine’s coastal ecosystems via environmental DNA (eDNA) innovations that unlock new scales of inference and new scales of collaboration.

[1] “This data was sourced from: RWSC_early-2025”

17.30 NH Common Tern movement ecology

17.30.1 Project information

Lead entity: Shoals Marine Laboratory

Partner entities: University of New Hampshire, NH Fish and Game, National Audubon Society, USFWS

PI name: Elizabeth Craig

PI contact information:

Data start year: 2019

Data end year: Present

Spatial scale: Gulf of Maine

17.30.2 Data information

Project link: https://www.shoalsmarinelaboratory.org/Seabirds

Data link: NA

Metadata link: NA

Data availability: No

Data categories: Seabirds

Data type: spatial

17.30.3 Project description

Since 2019, our NH-based team has annually deployed high accuracy GPS tags (Pathtrack ltd, nanofix geo+RF; 10-20 per year) on common terns (Sterna hirundo) using leg-loop harness attachments. This work is conducted as part of a collaborative Gulf of Maine group, included in the list of partner entities.

[1] “This data was sourced from: RWSC_early-2025”

17.31 NH Roseate Tern GPS tagging

17.31.1 Project information

Lead entity: Shoals Marine Laboratory

Partner entities: University of New Hampshire, National Audubon Society

PI name: Elizabeth Craig

PI contact information:

Data start year: 2024

Data end year: Present

Spatial scale: Gulf of Maine

17.31.2 Data information

Project link: https://www.shoalsmarinelaboratory.org/Seabirds

Data link: NA

Metadata link: NA

Data availability: No

Data categories: Seabirds

Data type: spatial

17.31.3 Project description

Beginning in 2024, our NH-based team plans to deployed high accuracy GPS tags (Pathtrack ltd, nanofix geo+RF; 10 per year) on roseate terns (Sterna dougallii) using leg-loop harness attachments. This work is conducted as part of a collaborative Gulf of Maine group, included in the list of partner entities.

[1] “This data was sourced from: RWSC_early-2025”

17.32 Project Poop - Diet monitoring of east coast seabirds using fecal DNA

17.32.1 Project information

Lead entity: Cornell Lab of Ornithology

Partner entities: Audubon Seabird Institute, FWS, Shoals Marine Lab

PI name: Gemma Clucas

PI contact information:

Data start year: 2017

Data end year: Unknown

Spatial scale: Northwest Atlantic

17.32.2 Data information

Project link: https://www.gemmaclucas.com/research/seabird-diets

Data link: NA

Metadata link: NA

Data availability: No

Data categories: Seabirds

Data type: spatial

17.32.3 Project description

We are collecting fecal samples from seabird colonies along the US east coast and Nova Scotia to monitor the diets of breeding adults and chicks using fecal DNA metabarcoding. Target species are common terns, black skimmers, and Atlantic puffins. Additional species such as roseate terns and Arctic terns are also being monitored at local scales. Data will be used to look at spatial and temporal variation in diet and as an indicator of forage fish availability.

[1] “This data was sourced from: RWSC_early-2025”

17.33 Purple Sandpiper Winter Surveys in Maine

17.33.1 Project information

Lead entity: Maine Natural History Observatory

Partner entities: Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife

PI name: Elliot Johnston

PI contact information:

Data start year: 2023

Data end year: 2024

Spatial scale: State

17.33.2 Data information

Project link: https://mainenaturalhistory.org/purple-sandpipers/

Data link: NA

Metadata link: NA

Data availability: No

Data categories: Seabirds

Data type: spatial

17.33.3 Project description

Repeating historical boat-based survey routes for Purple Sandpipers to assess trends in overwintering counts in Maine.

[1] “This data was sourced from: RWSC_early-2025”

17.34 Quantifying marine biodiversity through movements and feeding: Assessing coastal marine ecosystem dynamics near estuary mouths

17.34.1 Project information

Lead entity: University of New Hampshire

Partner entities: Gulf of Maine Research Institute, NERACOOS

PI name: Nathan Furey

PI contact information:

Data start year: 2022

Data end year: 2027

Spatial scale: Gulf of Maine

17.34.2 Data information

Project link: https://marinebon.org/us-mbon/coastal-new-england/

Data link: NA

Metadata link: NA

Data availability: No

Data categories: Seabirds, Groundfish

Data type: spatial

17.34.3 Project description

This project, which includes the development of the Coastal New England Marine Biodiversity Observation Network, integrates technologies (acoustic telemetry, environmental DNA [eDNA], and acoustics) to track shifts in local marine biodiversity in both New Hampshire (Isles of Shoals) and southern Maine (Casco Bay) coastal waters. We are also examining how the feeding and movements of two important consumers, the common tern and Atlantic cod, respond to local marine biodiversity through diet analyses and telemetry. Bioenergetics models of these species will be developed to predict how changes in water temperature and diet may affect Atlantic cod and terns. Comparing and contrasting species’ responses to environmental change helps determine the “winners and losers” of climate change. All efforts each year are informed by a variety of stakeholders representing resource managers and non-profit organizations, including New Hampshire Fish and Game Department, National Marine Fisheries Service, Maine Department of Marine Resources, National Audubon Society, and the Piscataqua Region Estuarine Partnership. The team also includes experts in data management and accessibility to ensure data are accessible in a timely manner.

[1] “This data was sourced from: RWSC_early-2025”

17.35 Shorebird Science and Conservation Collective

17.35.1 Project information

Lead entity: Smithsonian Migratory Bird Center

Partner entities: 74 public and private organizations

PI name: Autumn-Lynn Harrison

PI contact information:

Data start year: 2021

Data end year: Present

Spatial scale: USA

17.35.2 Data information

Project link: https://nationalzoo.si.edu/migratory-birds/shorebird-collective

Data link: NA

Metadata link: NA

Data availability: “Yes, by request”

Data categories: Seabirds

Data type: spatial

17.35.3 Project description

The Shorebird Science and Conservation Collective is a collaborative network comprised of over 70 scientists who have contributed shorebird tracking data collected from more than 3,300 individuals across 36 species to inform on-the-ground conservation. Established in 2021, the Collective serves as a vital bridge between scientists collecting shorebird tracking data and conservation practitioners who need information on shorebird movements to address urgent conservation questions.

[1] “This data was sourced from: RWSC_early-2025”

17.36 MDAT Avian Base Layer Products - Relative Density

17.36.1 Project information

Lead entity: Duke Univ.

Partner entities: Northeast Regional Ocean Council, NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, NOAA NEFSC, Loyola University Chicago

PI name: Patrick Halpin

PI contact information:

Data start year: 1998

Data end year: 2019

Spatial scale: USA

17.36.3 Project description

The Northeast Regional Ocean Council and the Mid-Atlantic Regional Council on the Ocean (MARCO) collaborated to fund the development of maps of marine life to support ocean planning and management. Researchers at several institutions who work collaboratively as the Marine-life Data and Analysis Team (MDAT) assembled a collection of new maps that represents one of the largest known efforts globally to assemble and disseminate spatial data for multiple species and taxa of marine life. As part of this effort, NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science developed the maps of marine bird relative density and distribution for the entire Atlantic coast. The methods used to produce the bird maps are published in a Bureau of Ocean Energy Management Office of Environmental Studies Program report.

17.37 MDAT Avian Base Layer Products - Relative Density CV

17.37.1 Project information

Lead entity: Duke Univ.

Partner entities: Northeast Regional Ocean Council, NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, NOAA NEFSC, Loyola University Chicago

PI name: Patrick Halpin

PI contact information:

Data start year: 1998

Data end year: 2019

Spatial scale: USA

17.37.3 Project description

The Northeast Regional Ocean Council and the Mid-Atlantic Regional Council on the Ocean (MARCO) collaborated to fund the development of maps of marine life to support ocean planning and management. Researchers at several institutions who work collaboratively as the Marine-life Data and Analysis Team (MDAT) assembled a collection of new maps that represents one of the largest known efforts globally to assemble and disseminate spatial data for multiple species and taxa of marine life. As part of this effort, NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science developed the maps of marine bird relative density and distribution for the entire Atlantic coast. The methods used to produce the bird maps are published in a Bureau of Ocean Energy Management Office of Environmental Studies Program report.

17.38 MDAT Avian Base Layer Products - Relative Density CI90

17.38.1 Project information

Lead entity: Duke Univ.

Partner entities: Northeast Regional Ocean Council, NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, NOAA NEFSC, Loyola University Chicago

PI name: Patrick Halpin

PI contact information:

Data start year: 1998

Data end year: 2019

Spatial scale: USA

17.38.3 Project description

The Northeast Regional Ocean Council and the Mid-Atlantic Regional Council on the Ocean (MARCO) collaborated to fund the development of maps of marine life to support ocean planning and management. Researchers at several institutions who work collaboratively as the Marine-life Data and Analysis Team (MDAT) assembled a collection of new maps that represents one of the largest known efforts globally to assemble and disseminate spatial data for multiple species and taxa of marine life. As part of this effort, NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science developed the maps of marine bird relative density and distribution for the entire Atlantic coast. The methods used to produce the bird maps are published in a Bureau of Ocean Energy Management Office of Environmental Studies Program report.

17.39 Atlas of Seabirds at Sea in Eastern Canada 2006 - 2020

17.39.1 Project information

Lead entity: Government of Canada

Partner entities: Ships of opportunity

PI name: Government of Canada; Environment and Climate Change Canada; Regional Operations, Quebec Region

PI contact information:

Data start year: 2006

Data end year: 2020

Spatial scale: Northwest Atlantic

17.39.3 Project description

The atlas provides printable maps, Web Services and downloadable data files representing seabirds at-sea densities in eastern Canada. The information provided on the open data web site can be used to identify areas where seabirds at sea are found in eastern Canada. However, low survey effort or high variation in some areas introduces uncertainty in the density estimates provided. The data and maps found on the open data web site should therefore be interpreted with an understanding of this uncertainty. Data were collected using ships of opportunity surveys and therefore spatial and seasonal coverage varies considerably. Densities are computed using distance sampling to adjust for variation in detection rates among observers and survey conditions. Depending on conditions, seabirds can be difficult to identify to species level. Therefore, densities at higher taxonomic levels are provided. more details in the document: Atlas_SeabirdsAtSea-OiseauxMarinsEnMer.pdf. By clicking on “View on Map” you will visualize a example of the density measured for all species combined from April to July - 2006-2020. ESRI REST or WMS map services can be added to your web maps or opened directly in your desktop mapping applications. These are alternatives to downloading and provide densities for all taxonomical groups and species as well as survey effort.

17.40 Motus Seabird Database

17.40.1 Project information

Lead entity: Motus

Partner entities: Birds Canada

PI name: Stuart Mackenzie

PI contact information:

Data start year: Unknown

Data end year: Present

Spatial scale: Global

17.40.2 Data information

Project link: https://motus.org/

Data link: https://motus.org/dashboard/#

Metadata link:

Data availability: Yes

Data categories: Seabirds

Data type: spatial

17.40.3 Project description

Motus is built on a collaborative automated radio telemetry network. This framework provides the unique ability to simultaneously track large numbers of small, flying animals, including birds, bats, and large insects at multiple spatial scales. With a sufficient receiver network in areas of interest, Motus can provide high temporal and geographic precision, over multiple spatial scales, from local to inter-continental.Animals are fitted with uniquely coded small radio transmitters, which can be detected by strategically placed stations up to 20 km away when in flight under optimal conditions. Detection data are stored on the receiving stations, not the transmitters, removing the need to recapture animals. This enables efficient monitoring of diverse species regardless of site fidelity or survival. Data can be uploaded automatically to the centralized Motus database via the internet or cellular networks, eliminating manual downloads.For more details, explore the applications or refer to Taylor et al. (2017) for a comprehensive introduction.

17.41 Digital video aerial surveys of seabirds and marine megafauna in the Gulf of Maine from May 2023 to January 2024

17.41.1 Project information

Lead entity: Biodiversity Research Institute

Partner entities: BOEM, HiDef Aerial Surveying Limited

PI name: Andrew Gilbert

PI contact information:

Data start year: 2023

Data end year: 2024

Spatial scale: Gulf of Maine

17.41.2 Data information

Project link: https://seamap.env.duke.edu/dataset/2316/html

Data link: https://seamap.env.duke.edu/dataset/2316

Metadata link: NA

Data availability: Yes

Data categories: Marine mammals, Seabirds, Elasmobranchs, Pelagic fishes

Data type: spatial

17.41.3 Project description

In April 2023, the Biodiversity Research Institute (BRI) commissioned HiDef Aerial Surveying Limited (HiDef) to conduct high-resolution digital video aerial surveys in the Gulf of Maine. The surveys aimed to record marine megafauna, seabirds, and human activity. The designated survey area is approximately 5 km off the coast of Maine A total of four surveys were conducted between May 2023 and January 2024. HiDef designed the survey using 2.5 km- and 5 km-spaced transects across the Gulf of Maine survey area, covering approximately 6,673 km².

17.42 SouthCoast Wind Project Final Environmental Impact Statement

17.42.1 Project information

Lead entity: BOEM Office of Renewable Energy Programs

Partner entities: NA

PI name: Unknown

PI contact information: Unknown

Data start year: 2021

Data end year: 2024

Spatial scale: Northwest Atlantic

17.42.2 Data information

Project link: https://tethys.pnnl.gov/publications/southcoast-wind-project-final-environmental-impact-statement

Data link: NA

Metadata link: NA

Data availability: Yes

Data categories: Coastal fishes, Pelagic fishes, Crustaceans, Groundfish, Marine mammals, Sea turtles, Seabirds, Physical oceanography

Data type: “research project, synthesis, or technology development”

17.42.3 Project description

This Final Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) assesses the potential biological, socioeconomic, physical, and cultural impacts that could result from the construction and installation, operations and maintenance, and conceptual decommissioning of the SouthCoast Wind Project (Project) proposed by SouthCoast Wind Energy LLC (SouthCoast Wind), in its Construction and Operations Plan (COP).

17.43 Seabird nesting islands

17.43.1 Project information

Lead entity: Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife

Partner entities: NA

PI name: Jason Czapiga

PI contact information: Unknown

Data start year: 2018

Data end year: Unknown

Spatial scale: Gulf of Maine

17.43.2 Data information

Project link: https://mdifw-data-maine.hub.arcgis.com/datasets/maine::seabird-nesting-islands-3/about

Data link: https://mdifw-data-maine.hub.arcgis.com/datasets/18042bb789b14f428a07a27ccd566319_0/explore?location=43.944135%2C-68.888028%2C8.30

Metadata link:

Data availability: Yes

Data categories: Habitat, Seabirds

Data type: spatial

17.43.3 Project description

Seabird nesting islands (SNI) in organized townships that qualify as Significant Wildlife Habitat under Maine’s Natural Resource Protection Act (NRPA) as mapped by the Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife.

17.44 Piping Plover and Least Tern Essential Habitat

17.44.1 Project information

Lead entity: Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife

Partner entities: NA

PI name: Jason Czapiga

PI contact information: Unknown

Data start year: 2018

Data end year: Unknown

Spatial scale: Gulf of Maine

17.44.2 Data information

Project link: https://mdifw-data-maine.hub.arcgis.com/datasets/maine::piping-plover-and-least-tern-essential-habitat/about

Data link: https://mdifw-data-maine.hub.arcgis.com/datasets/584f6b86265042fd89edb2999834fd76_0/explore?location=43.520595%2C-70.162948%2C10.25

Metadata link:

Data availability: Yes

Data categories: Habitat, Seabirds

Data type: spatial

17.44.3 Project description

Piping Plover and Least Tern nesting, feeding, and brood-rearing areas identified and mapped as Essential Habitat by the Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife (MDIFW).

17.45 Roseate Tern Essential Habitat

17.45.1 Project information

Lead entity: Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife

Partner entities: NA

PI name: Jason Czapiga

PI contact information: Unknown

Data start year: 2018

Data end year: Unknown

Spatial scale: Gulf of Maine

17.45.2 Data information

Project link: https://mdifw-data-maine.hub.arcgis.com/datasets/maine::roseate-tern-essential-habitat-layer/about

Data link: https://mdifw-data-maine.hub.arcgis.com/datasets/178b9154e0dc4294a8503ff65cd8606a_0/explore?location=43.927776%2C-69.088417%2C9.06

Metadata link:

Data availability: Yes

Data categories: Habitat, Seabirds

Data type: spatial

17.45.3 Project description

Roseate Tern nesting areas identified and mapped as Essential Habitat by the Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife (MDIFW).

17.46 Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife, Wildlife Division Seabird Database

17.46.1 Project information

Lead entity: Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife

Partner entities: NA

PI name: Unknown

PI contact information: Unknown

Data start year: Unknown

Data end year: Unknown

Spatial scale: Gulf of Maine

17.46.2 Data information

Project link: http://gomswg.org/aboutseabirds.html

Data link: NA

Metadata link: NA

Data availability: No

Data categories: Seabirds

Data type: spatial

17.46.3 Project description

All seabird data for the state of Maine is stored in a database maintained by the Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife, Wildlife Division in Bangor, Maine.